Open economy: National income constraints, balance of payments, trade balance, determinants of net exports, interest rates, exchange rates, determinants of international capital flows, equilibrium conditions in open economies, economic policy and exogenous factors, exchange rate regimes, international capital mobility.

Growth theories:  the accounting of growth, Solow residuals, savings and productivity in the Solow model, dynamic adjustments and equilibrium in steady state, the golden rule of capital accumulation, general Solow model, the role of technology, human capital, government sector, poverty traps, market internalization, absolute and relative convergence of per capita income, endogenous growth.

Consumption and investment theories: Intertemporal choices, the life-cycle model of consumption, the permanent income model, short- and long-term average propensity to consume, investment, expectations and uncertainty, present value model, the accelerator model, the neoclassical model of investment, the Tobin-Q model.

Public deficits and public debt: Government income constraint, financing government expenses, determinants of public deficits, the dynamics of public deficits and debt, debt sustainability, debt monetization, the market of government bonds/securities, risk premia, credit rating agencies.

Theories of expectations: Adaptive and rational expectations, economic policy under rational expectations.